GEO series
Spaceflight multi-omics reveals vulnerabilities of human germ cell development
GSE306610
Homo sapiens
Other; Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing
32 samples
Submitted 2026/06/02
Platform GPL24676
Summary
Exposure to microgravity, cosmic radiation, and other spaceflight conditions induces significant physiological adaptations in biological systems. While prior studies have characterized effects on stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, the biological impacts of spaceflight on human germ cell development remain unexplored. To address this gap, we deployed automated experimental platforms aboard China's Tianzhou-1 (TZ-1) and Tianzhou-6 spacecraft, enabling fluorescent morphological analysis and multi-omics profiling of stem cell derivatives under orbital conditions. These systems incorporated live-cell imaging, remote operation interfaces from Earth, and integrated sample preservation for time-point-specific specimen capture. Our experiments revealed that spaceflight significantly reduced germ cell yields and dysregulated translational profiles, particularly in cytoskeletal organization and extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction pathways. However, whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide methylation analyses confirmed genomic stability, with no statistically significant mutations during short-term spaceflight. This work establishes an automated platform for real-time analysis of human germ cell differentiation in orbital microgravity and provides a foundation for future space biology research.
This dataset
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Direct links to NCBI, no account and no request form: the whole study as GSE306610_RAW.tar, processed values as the series matrix, the supplementary file directory, and per-sample supplementary files for any of the 32 samples. Raw sequencing reads are also available from ENA.
Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1311461 and SRA study SRP613487. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.
Study design
32 conditions, each sampled once — no replicated groups
Read from 32 sample titles: 32 distinct titles with little repetition. Check it against the sample list below before relying on it.
Samples in this study
0 selected
- GSM9204617 Ribo, H9 [Ribo_hESCs_XX_1]
- GSM9204618 Ribo, ground, PGCLCs [Ribo_gPGCLCs_1]
- GSM9204619 Ribo, ground, FLCs [Ribo_gFLCs_1]
- GSM9204620 Ribo, spaceflight, PGCLCs [Ribo_sPGCLCs_1]
- GSM9204621 Ribo, spaceflight, FLCs [Ribo_sFLCs_1]
- GSM9204622 RNA, H9 [RNA_hESCs_XX_1]
- GSM9204623 RNA, ground, PGCLCs [RNA_gPGCLCs_1]
- GSM9204624 RNA, ground, FLCs [RNA_gFLCs_1]
- GSM9204625 RNA, spaceflight, PGCLCs [RNA_sPGCLCs_1]
- GSM9204626 RNA, spaceflight, FLCs [RNA_sFLCs_1]
- GSM9204627 Ribo, H1 [Ribo_hESCs_XY_1]
- GSM9204628 Ribo, ground, SSCLCs [Ribo_gSSCLCs_1]
- GSM9204629 Ribo, spaceflight, SSCLCs [Ribo_sSSCLCs_1]
- GSM9204630 RNA, H1 [RNA_hESCs_XY_1]
- GSM9204631 RNA, ground, SSCLCs [RNA_gSSCLCs_1]
- GSM9204632 RNA, spaceflight, SSCLCs [RNA_sSSCLCs_1]
- GSM9204633 Ribo, H9 [Ribo_hESCs_XX_2]
- GSM9204634 Ribo, ground, PGCLCs [Ribo_gPGCLCs_2]
- GSM9204635 Ribo, ground, FLCs [Ribo_gFLCs_2]
- GSM9204636 Ribo, spaceflight, PGCLCs [Ribo_sPGCLCs_2]
- GSM9204637 Ribo, spaceflight, FLCs [Ribo_sFLCs_2]
- GSM9204638 RNA, H9 [RNA_hESCs_XX_2]
- GSM9204639 RNA, ground, PGCLCs [RNA_gPGCLCs_2]
- GSM9204640 RNA, ground, FLCs [RNA_gFLCs_2]
- GSM9204641 RNA, spaceflight, PGCLCs [RNA_sPGCLCs_2]
- GSM9204642 RNA, spaceflight, FLCs [RNA_sFLCs_2]
- GSM9204643 Ribo, H1 [Ribo_hESCs_XY_2]
- GSM9204644 Ribo, ground, SSCLCs [Ribo_gSSCLCs_2]
- GSM9204645 Ribo, spaceflight, SSCLCs [Ribo_sSSCLCs_2]
- GSM9204646 RNA, H1 [RNA_hESCs_XY_2]
- GSM9204647 RNA, ground, SSCLCs [RNA_gSSCLCs_2]
- GSM9204648 RNA, spaceflight, SSCLCs [RNA_sSSCLCs_2]
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