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RAS pathway activation drives clonal selection and monocytic differentiation in FLT3 and BCL2 inhibitor resistance

GSE324062 Homo sapiens Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Other 61 samples Submitted 2026/04/01 Platform GPL34284
Summary
Despite efficacy of FLT3 and BCL2 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), relapse limits survival. Mutation status and AML monocytic differentiation are implicated in resistance. On-treatment tumor evolution may select for genetically distinct clones or shifts in differentiation not resolvable by bulk sequencing. We performed multiomic single cell (SC) DNA/protein and RNA/protein profiling of patients treated on a clinical trial of the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax and the FLT3 inhibitor gilteritinib (Ven/Git) to characterize immunophenotypic, transcriptional, and genetic clonal evolution on therapy. We found that while Ven/Gilt effectively eliminated FLT3 mutant clones, it selected for RAS mutations, RAS pathway activation and RAS-associated monocytic differentiation. In an in vitro model of monocytic differentiation associated with heightened RAS pathway activation, we demonstrated that MEK inhibition re-sensitized to Ven/Gilt. These data indicate RAS signaling is central to FLT3 and BCL2 inhibitor resistance, is tightly coupled to monocytic differentiation and can be overcome by RAS pathway inhibition.
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Direct links to NCBI, no account and no request form: the whole study as GSE324062_RAW.tar, processed values as the series matrix, the supplementary file directory, and per-sample supplementary files for any of the 61 samples. Raw sequencing reads are also available from ENA.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1433374 and SRA study SRP681667. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
33 conditions, each sampled once — no replicated groups
Primary human samples, DNA; Patient 1 EOC ×3 Primary human samples, DNA; Patient 4 EOC ×3 Primary human samples, DNA; Patient 2 EOC ×2 Primary human samples, DNA; Patient 7 EOC ×2 Primary human samples, DNA; Patient 5 EOC ×2

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