GEO series
Longitudinal Analysis of Multiple Myeloma: Therapeutic Response and Immune Microenvironment Dynamics in the Context of Tumor Heterogeneity [scRNA-seq]
GSE309595
Homo sapiens
Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing
270 samples
Submitted 2026/07/15
Platform GPL24676
Summary
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by an expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. For newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), standard three-drug treatment regimens—such as the combination of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd)—and the more recent inclusion of a fourth drug, anti-CD38 antibody immunotherapy, have significantly improved patient outcomes by targeting multiple mechanisms of tumorigenesis. This treatment approach typically involves several cycles of VRd induction therapy, followed by high dose melphalan (HDM) and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), and maintenance therapy. Treatment responses vary widely, with some patients requiring longer and more intense therapy and others exhibiting more rapid responses and longer relapse-free remission.This cycle of remission, maintenance, and eventual relapse persists despite advancements in treatment modalities, including immunotherapy, leaving MM incurable. This study characterizes the tumor state and immune microenvironment in MM patients across variable graded patient responses. Using a multimodal, longitudinal approach, we investigate immune and microenvironmental cellular changes during treatment in NDMM patients and in a second cohort of RRMM patients. For the NDMM cohort, longitudinal blood and bone marrow aspirate samples were collected at diagnosis, throughout induction therapy, following autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), and at post-transplant intervals of 60 days, 90 days, and 1 and 2 years. Multi-omic profiling of these samples magnifies the individual heterogeneity between tumor and therapeutic response. The longitudinal aspect of the study allowed us to focus on individual-level longitudinal responses instead of cross-patient effects, enabling detailed insights into tumor and microenvironment dynamics. Using Olink proteomic analysis of plasma and bone marrow interstitial fluid (BMIF), and single-cell analyses (3’ CITE-seq, scRNA-seq, flow cytometry) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) we longitudinally characterized tumor, the immune microenvironment, and therapeutic responses. This revealed distinct immune states and pathways associated with therapeutic response, and tumor survival, highlighting potential targets and therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
This dataset
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Direct links to NCBI, no account and no request form: the whole study as GSE309595_RAW.tar, processed values as the series matrix, the supplementary file directory, and per-sample supplementary files for any of the 270 samples. Raw sequencing reads are also available from ENA.
Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1336307. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.
Study design
40 conditions, each sampled once — no replicated groups
Read from the first 40 of 270 sample titles: 40 distinct titles with little repetition. Check it against the sample list below before relying on it.
Samples in this study
0 selected
- GSM9269956 PB06425-001 MM Post Transplant 1 year
- GSM9269957 PB00135-01 MM Post Induction 2-Cycles
- GSM9269958 PB00132-03 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269959 PB00133-12 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269960 PB00233-01 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269961 PB00234-01-01 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269962 PB00236-12 MM Post Induction 2-Cycles
- GSM9269963 PB00237-11 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269964 PB00238-02 MM End Induction 1st Draw
- GSM9269965 PB00239-02 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269966 PB00242-01-02 MM Post Induction 2-Cycles
- GSM9269967 PB00243-05 MM Post Induction 2-Cycles
- GSM9269968 PB00245-01 MM End Induction 1st Draw
- GSM9269969 PB00247-01 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269970 PB00248-03 MM End Induction 1st Draw
- GSM9269971 PB00249-02 MM End Induction 1st Draw
- GSM9269972 PB00251-02 MM Post Transplant 60 Days
- GSM9269973 PB01315-07 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269974 PB01322-12 MM Post Transplant 60 Days
- GSM9269975 PB01328-01 Flu Year 1 Day 7
- GSM9269976 PB01329-03 COVID-19 Visit 4 Pre-transplant
- GSM9269977 PB01333-01 MM Post Induction 2-Cycles
- GSM9269978 PB01357-08 MM End Induction 1st Draw
- GSM9269979 PB01364-08 MM End Induction 1st Draw
- GSM9269980 PB02050-07 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269981 PB02066-01 Flu Year 1 Day 0
- GSM9269982 PB02068-06 MM Post Induction 2-Cycles
- GSM9269983 PB02073-03 Flu Year 1 Stand-Alone
- GSM9269984 PB02076-06 Flu Year 1 Day 7
- GSM9269985 PB02079-01 MM Post Transplant 60 Days
- GSM9269986 PB02082-04 Flu Year 1 Day 90
- GSM9269987 PB02088-03 Flu Year 2 Day 90
- GSM9269988 PB02094-03 MM End Induction 1st Draw
- GSM9269989 PB02686-005 MM Post Transplant 60 Days
- GSM9269990 PB02691-004 MM Post Transplant 1 year
- GSM9269991 PB02695-005 Flu Year 1 Day 90
- GSM9269992 PB02697-001 MM End Induction 1st Draw
- GSM9269993 PB02709-001-003 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269994 PB02726-003 MM Pre-Treatment
- GSM9269995 PB02728-001 MM Pre-Treatment
+ 230 more — browse all 270 samples with per-sample file links →
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