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Cell type-specific loops linked to RNA polymerase II elongation in human neural differentiation

GSE220103 Homo sapiens Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing; Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 27 samples Submitted 2024/07/10 Platform GPL18573
Summary
DNA is folded into higher-order structures that shape and are shaped by genome function. The role of long-range loops in the establishment of new gene expression patterns during cell fate transitions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the link between cell-specific loops and RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) during neural lineage commitment. We find thousands of loops decommissioned or gained de novo upon differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and post-mitotic neurons. During hiPSC-to-NPC and NPC-to-neuron transitions, genes changing from RNA Pol II initiation to elongation are >4-fold more likely to anchor cell-specific loops than repressed genes. Elongated genes exhibit significant mRNA upregulation when connected in cell-specific promoter-enhancer loops but not invariant promoter-enhancer loops or promoter-promoter loops or when unlooped. Genes transitioning from repression to RNA Pol II initiation exhibit a slight mRNA increase independent of loop status. Our data link cell-specific loops and robust RNA Pol II-mediated elongation during neural cell fate transitions.
Published in
Cell-type-specific loops linked to RNA polymerase II elongation in human neural differentiation
Titus KR, Simandi Z, Chandrashekar H et al. · Cell genomics 2024 · PMID 38991604 · doi:10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100606
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Direct links to NCBI, no account and no request form: the whole study as GSE220103_RAW.tar, processed values as the series matrix, the supplementary file directory, and per-sample supplementary files for any of the 27 samples. Raw sequencing reads are also available from ENA.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA908804 and SRA study SRP411365. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
21 conditions, each sampled once — no replicated groups
iPSC_RNAseq, ×3 NPC_RNAseq, ×3 Neuron_RNAseq, ×3

Read from 27 sample titles: 21 distinct titles with little repetition. Check it against the sample list below before relying on it.

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