GEO series
Human Macrophages Encode Stimulus-Specific Information of Prior Exposures Through Trained Immunity
GSE323311
Homo sapiens
Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing
48 samples
Submitted 2026/03/26
Platform GPL30173
Summary
Trained immunity (a form of innate immune memory), defined in part by heightened responses to pathogen restimulation, can be generated by many different stimuli. However, both the quantitative differences in trained states generated by different stimuli and the downstream consequences of those differences remain unclear. Here, we used primary human monocyte-derived macrophages to demonstrate phenotypic and molecular stimulus specificity of trained immunity six days after initial exposure. Quantification of cytokine production with single-molecule RNA imaging demonstrated stimulus-specific patterns of response to restimulation, with trained cells showed stronger responses to secondary stimuli more similar to their initial stimulation. Differential licensing of inflammatory transcription factors was associated with encoding of specificities in chromatin six days after training, while memory of some, but not all, training stimuli is lost by eleven days post-training in vitro. Overall, our findings demonstrate that different training stimuli can impart specific memories which generate distinct training phenotypes.
Published in
O'Farrell A, Niu Z, Li J et al.
· Cell systems 2026
· PMID 42320478
· doi:10.1016/j.cels.2026.101647
This dataset
Download
Direct links to NCBI, no account and no request form: the whole study as GSE323311_RAW.tar, processed values as the series matrix, the supplementary file directory, and per-sample supplementary files for any of the 48 samples. Raw sequencing reads are also available from ENA.
Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1432078 and SRA study SRP681030. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.
Study design
20 conditions, mostly in duplicate
Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410… ×2
Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410… ×2
Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410… ×2
Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410… ×2
Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650… ×2
Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650… ×2
Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650… ×2
Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650… ×2
+12 more
Supports a between-group comparison across 40 samples.
20 replicated groups read from the first 40 of 48 sample titles; they account for 40 of them. Check it against the sample list below before relying on it.
Samples in this study
0 selected
- GSM9563722 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410b, Untrained, rep1
- GSM9563723 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410b, Untrained, rep2
- GSM9563724 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410b, B-Glucan trained, rep1
- GSM9563725 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410b, B-Glucan trained, rep2
- GSM9563726 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410b, MDP trained, rep1
- GSM9563727 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410b, MDP trained, rep2
- GSM9563728 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410b, IFNg trained, rep1
- GSM9563729 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND410b, IFNg trained, rep2
- GSM9563730 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650, Untrained, rep1
- GSM9563731 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650, Untrained, rep2
- GSM9563732 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650, B-Glucan trained, rep1
- GSM9563733 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650, B-Glucan trained, rep2
- GSM9563734 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650, MDP trained, rep1
- GSM9563735 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650, MDP trained, rep2
- GSM9563736 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650, IFNg trained, rep1
- GSM9563737 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND650, IFNg trained, rep2
- GSM9563738 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND500b, Untrained, rep1
- GSM9563739 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND500b, Untrained, rep2
- GSM9563740 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND500b, B-Glucan trained, rep1
- GSM9563741 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND500b, B-Glucan trained, rep2
- GSM9563742 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND500b, MDP trained, rep1
- GSM9563743 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND500b, MDP trained, rep2
- GSM9563744 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND500b, IFNg trained, rep1
- GSM9563745 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND500b, IFNg trained, rep2
- GSM9563746 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND500b, TGFb trained, rep1
- GSM9563747 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND500b, TGFb trained, rep2
- GSM9563748 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, Untrained, rep1
- GSM9563749 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, Untrained, rep2
- GSM9563750 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, B-Glucan trained, rep1
- GSM9563751 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, B-Glucan trained, rep2
- GSM9563752 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, MDP trained, rep1
- GSM9563753 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, MDP trained, rep2
- GSM9563754 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, IFNg trained, rep1
- GSM9563755 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, IFNg trained, rep2
- GSM9563756 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, oxLDL trained, rep1
- GSM9563757 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, oxLDL trained, rep2
- GSM9563758 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, CpG trained, rep1
- GSM9563759 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, CpG trained, rep2
- GSM9563760 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, PolyIC trained, rep1
- GSM9563761 Monocyte-derived macrophages from Donor ND607b, PolyIC trained, rep2
+ 8 more — browse all 48 samples with per-sample file links →
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